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Risk factors for pregnancy-associated Bell's palsy: A nationwide population-based register study
Lovisa Lansing1,2, Elin Marsk1,2, Sophia Brismar Wendel3,4
1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
Introduction:
Bell's palsy appears to be more common in pregnancy, but incidence numbers differ. Risk factors for pregnancy-associated Bell's palsy have been discussed, but larger studies are needed to receive significant results.
Material And Methods:
This study aimed to investigate the incidence and maternal risk factors of pregnancy-associated Bell's palsy. It is a nationwide register-based cohort study. Women with Bell's palsy in Sweden from 2005 to 2015 were identified in the National Patient Register. Women giving birth at ≥22 gestational weeks during the same period were identified in the Medical Birth Register. Pregnancy-associated Bell's palsy was defined as the first diagnosis of Bell's palsy during pregnancy or within the first 2 months postpartum, identified by linking the data sets. Childbirths in women without a history of Bell's palsy were used as a comparison group. Risk factors were identified using backward conditional multivariable logistic regression and presented with adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
Results:
A total of 2051 childbirths in women with pregnancy-associated Bell's palsy were identified. For a comparison 1 188 489 childbirths in women without a history of Bell's palsy were used. The incidence of pregnancy-associated Bell's palsy was 171.6 per 100 000 childbirths. Pregnancy-associated Bell's palsy was associated with high BMI (e.g., BMI 30-34.9, aOR 1.30, 95% CI 1.12-1.50), being born in Asia (aOR 1.19, 95% CI 1.04-1.37), Africa (aOR 1.76, 95% CI 1.47-2.11), or South America (aOR 1.85, 95% CI 1.35-2.55), multiple pregnancy (aOR 1.83, 95% CI 1.48-2.26), and a diagnosis of herpes zoster (aOR 6.55, 95% CI 2.93-14.67), borreliosis (aOR 3.70, 95% CI 1.38-9.89), gestational diabetes (aOR 1.68, 95% CI 1.31-2.15), or preeclampsia (aOR 2.02, 95% CI 1.74-2.35).
Conclusions:
The incidence of pregnancy-associated Bell's palsy was 171.6 per 100 000 childbirths. Risk factors related to metabolic stress were associated with pregnancy-associated Bell's palsy, although the causal pathway remains unclear.
