Structural reconstruction of electrocatalysts

Efficient and durable electrocatalysts are essential for achieving high electrocatalytic efficiency in electrocatalytic reactions, forming the bedrock of effective electrochemical energy technologies. Electrocatalysis is a complex process, marked by intricate reaction system and crucial interfacial interactions, leading to diverse degrees of reconstruction changes in electrocatalysts, affecting both catalytic capabilities and structural integrity. This review delves into the development and prospects of electrocatalyst reconstruction within the electrochemical energy conversion and storage technologies. It elucidates the underlying motivation and mechanism driving reconstruction in various oxidation/reduction reaction systems. Moreover, it elucidates the evolution and comprehension of highly effective electrocatalysts that emerge as a result of this reconstruction phenomenon. The characterizations of catalyst reconstruction are thoroughly examined through the cutting-edge imaging/spectroscopy technologies, enabling dynamic reconstruction tracking and identification. Finally, this work highlights the challenges and opportunities associated with advancing reconstructed electrocatalysts. The primary objectives are to fathom the intricacies of reconstruction and its structural evolution for precise catalyst design. Additionally, it aims to regulate the reconstruction process to enhance the electrocatalyst longevity, stabilize catalytic reactions, and ultimately facilitate the implementation of electrochemical technologies.