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Related Concept Videos

The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

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The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
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Systematic Hearing Performance Evaluation Process for Adolescents with Cochlear Implantation at Early Ages
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Word- and segment-level nasalance patterns in Greek-learning children with and without cochlear implants.

Laura L Koenig1, Areti Okalidou2, George Kyriafinis3,4

  • 1Communication Sciences and Disorders, Adelphi University, Garden, New York, USA.

Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics
|December 30, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Children with cochlear implants (CI) show altered nasalance and longer speech durations compared to normal-hearing peers. Prenasalization may be a compensatory strategy, but significant individual variability exists in CI users.

Keywords:
GreekNasalancechildrencochlear implantationprenasalized stops

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Area of Science:

  • Speech-Language Pathology
  • Audiology
  • Linguistics

Background:

  • Cochlear implantation (CI) can lead to persistent variability in oral-nasal balance in children with hearing loss.
  • Understanding speech production in pediatric CI users is crucial for effective intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate nasalance and duration patterns in Greek-speaking children with CIs compared to normal-hearing peers.
  • To explore potential compensatory strategies like prenasalization in CI users.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed nasalance and duration in 23 Greek-speaking children (13 CI, 10 NH) producing words with initial stops and nasals.
  • Utilized Mann-Whitney U tests for group comparisons and Spearman correlations for age effects.

Main Results:

  • CI users exhibited significantly longer speech durations compared to NH children.
  • Elevated nasalance was observed in CI users, particularly for words with /b/ and /d/, suggesting prenasalization.
  • Increased token-to-token variability in both nasalance and duration was found in the CI group.

Conclusions:

  • Prenasalization may serve as a compensatory mechanism for producing voiced stops in Greek-speaking children with CIs.
  • Significant individual variability in speech production highlights the need for personalized assessment and therapy in pediatric CI users.