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Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Pulse Wave Velocity Testing in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging
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Pulse Wave Velocity Testing in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging

Published on: February 7, 2014

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HIV and ART status at baseline are associated longitudinally with increased pulse wave velocity: findings from the

Patane S Shilabye1,2, Karine Scheuermaier2, Chijioke N Umunnakwe3

  • 1Julius Global Health, Department of Global Public Health and Bioethics, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

AIDS (London, England)
|December 30, 2025
PubMed

Insights

People living with HIV (PLWH) experience increased arterial stiffness (PWV) over time, especially after starting antiretroviral therapy (ART). Early cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk monitoring is crucial for PLWH in resource-limited settings.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • People living with HIV (PLWH) face a higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD).
  • Longitudinal data on CVD risk markers in PLWH from middle-income countries are limited.
  • Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is a key indicator of arterial stiffness and CVD risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between HIV, antiretroviral therapy (ART), and PWV.
  • To analyze longitudinal changes in PWV among PLWH and HIV-negative individuals.
  • To assess CVD risk progression in a South African cohort.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal analysis of the Ndlovu Cohort Study in South Africa.
  • Inclusion of 705 participants: 325 PLWH and 380 HIV-negative individuals.
  • Mixed-effects models used to analyze PWV changes over 36 months, adjusting for covariates.

Main Results:

  • PWV increased significantly over 36 months in both PLWH (0.30 m/s) and HIV-negative individuals (0.20 m/s).
  • PLWH exhibited higher median PWV at 12 months (7.3 m/s) compared to HIV-negative peers (7.0 m/s).
  • Individuals initiating ART showed the most substantial PWV increase, particularly between 12 and 36 months.

Conclusions:

  • Arterial stiffness (PWV) progresses over time, with a more pronounced increase observed in PLWH.
  • Antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation is associated with rapid increases in PWV.
  • Emphasizes the need for early cardiovascular disease risk monitoring in PLWH, especially after ART initiation, in resource-limited settings.
Abstract

Keywords:
HIVSouth Africaantiretroviral therapycardiovascular disease riskpulse wave velocity

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