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A Simple Tool to Assess Outdoor Gym Use.

Anna K Jansson^1,2, Mitch J Duncan^2,3,4, Sam Beacroft^2,3

¹School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.

Journal of Physical Activity & Health

|December 30, 2025

Summary

A new tool, the System of Observing Play and Recreation in Communities for Resistance Training (SOPARC-RT), reliably measures outdoor gym usage. This tool is valuable for assessing resistance training in public spaces.

Keywords:

measurement resistance training

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Area of Science:

Public Health
Kinesiology
Behavioral Science

Background:

Outdoor gyms offer accessible opportunities for public resistance training (RT).
Existing tools for measuring outdoor gym utilization are lacking.
The System of Observing Play and Recreation in Communities for Resistance Training (SOPARC-RT) was developed to address this gap.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate a reliable tool for assessing outdoor gym usage.
To evaluate the interrater reliability of the SOPARC-RT tool.

Main Methods:

Paired observers conducted 24 observations across four outdoor gyms.
Interrater reliability was assessed using Bland-Altman plots, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), and weighted kappa coefficients.

Main Results:

The SOPARC-RT tool demonstrated excellent interrater reliability for all users (ICC = .96).
High reliability was consistent across different age groups: youth, adults, and seniors.
Confidence intervals for ICC were .91-.99, indicating strong agreement.

Conclusions:

SOPARC-RT is a reliable instrument for measuring resistance training in outdoor gym settings.
This tool can be effectively used by researchers and local government agencies.
It supports the assessment of public engagement with outdoor fitness equipment.