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Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Event Related Potentials ERPs and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD
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Event Related Potentials ERPs and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD

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Dose-Response Relationship Between Body Composition and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Children: A

Jia Wang1, Jing Zhang2, Rui-Li Liu1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China.

The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery
|December 30, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is linked to body composition. Increased body mass index (BMI), body fat (BF), percentage of body fat (PBF), and fat mass index (FMI) are associated with higher ADHD risk.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Health
  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Biostatistics

Background:

  • Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder in children.
  • The relationship between body composition and ADHD risk requires further investigation.
  • Understanding these associations can inform early identification and intervention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between various body composition parameters and the risk of ADHD in children.
  • To explore potential dose-response relationships between body composition indices and ADHD using restricted cubic spline (RCS) modeling.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study included 100 children diagnosed with ADHD and 100 age- and sex-matched controls.
  • Body composition indices such as body mass index (BMI), body fat (BF), percentage of body fat (PBF), and fat mass index (FMI) were measured.
  • Logistic regression and RCS modeling were employed to analyze the associations and dose-response relationships.

Main Results:

  • Elevated BMI, BF, PBF, and FMI were identified as independent risk factors for ADHD in children.
  • Linear dose-response relationships were observed between BMI, PBF, FMI, and ADHD risk.
  • A nonlinear dose-response relationship was found between BF and ADHD risk.

Conclusions:

  • Specific body composition indicators are significantly associated with ADHD in pediatric populations.
  • The findings suggest complex linear and nonlinear dose-response patterns between body composition and ADHD risk.
  • These results highlight the potential role of body composition in the pathophysiology or manifestation of ADHD.
Abstract

Keywords:
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorderbody compositiondose-response relationshiprestricted cubic spline

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