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Performance and emission optimization of a CRDI engine in RCCI mode using hydrogen enriched biodiesel through grey
Aashish Divya Shinil Kumar1, Vishakha Vijayashankar Hebballi1, Jibitesh Kumar Panda1
1Department of Mechatronics, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
Plos One
|December 30, 2025
Summary
This study optimized diesel engine performance using hydrogen-enriched biodiesel in Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI) mode. The best results showed higher efficiency and lower emissions, advancing cleaner fuel strategies.
Area of Science:
- Combustion Engines
- Alternative Fuels
- Emission Control
Background:
- Diesel engines face challenges with emissions and efficiency.
- Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI) offers a pathway for cleaner combustion.
- Alternative fuels are crucial for sustainable energy solutions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To optimize the performance and emissions of a Common Rail Direct Injection (CRDI) diesel engine using alternative fuels in RCCI mode.
- To evaluate different fuel combinations, including diesel, CNG, hydrogen, and biodiesel blends.
- To identify the most effective fuel strategy for improved engine efficiency and reduced pollutant emissions.
Main Methods:
- Experiments were conducted on a single-cylinder, four-stroke CRDI engine at various loads (25-100%).
- Four fuel configurations were tested: neat diesel (D100), CNG+D100, H₂+D100, and hydrogen-enriched biodiesel (B20+H₂).
- Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) was used for multi-response optimization of performance and emissions.
Main Results:
- The B20+H₂ fuel blend at 2 L/min hydrogen flow rate yielded the highest Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE).
- This optimal condition also resulted in the lowest Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC) and reduced emissions (CO, HC, NOₓ, smoke opacity).
- Hydrogen-enriched biodiesel demonstrated significant potential for cleaner and more efficient RCCI operation.
Conclusions:
- Hydrogen-enriched biodiesel (B20+H₂) is a highly promising alternative fuel for RCCI mode in CRDI engines.
- This strategy significantly enhances engine efficiency and reduces harmful exhaust emissions.
- The findings support the development of cleaner, low-carbon dual-fuel pathways, aligning with UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDG-7, SDG-13).
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