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Diabetes management cascade in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.

Orkhonselenge Davaadamdin1, Bolor-Erdene Ganbat1, Uurtsaikh Baatarsuren1,2

  • 1Onom foundation, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.

Plos One
|December 30, 2025
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Summary

Diabetes prevalence in Ulaanbaatar is 6.27%, with low awareness and poor control, particularly in men. This highlights significant challenges in diabetes management and care-seeking behaviors within Mongolia.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Non-communicable Diseases

Background:

  • Diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance pose a significant public health challenge globally and in Mongolia.
  • Understanding the prevalence and risk factors of diabetes is crucial for effective public health interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance in Ulaanbaatar's adult population.
  • To identify gaps in diabetes clinical care, including awareness, treatment, and control.
  • To examine trends in diabetes risk factors in the region.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2018 involving a representative sample of 2,169 adults (≥20 years) from 9 districts in Ulaanbaatar.
  • Data collection utilized the Mongolian version of the World Health Organization's STEPS instrument for non-communicable disease risk factor surveillance.
  • Physical measurements and risk factor data were systematically gathered.

Main Results:

  • The overall prevalence of diabetes among adults aged 20 and above was 6.27%.
  • Diabetes prevalence was higher in men (7.5%) than in women (5.3%).
  • Among individuals with diabetes, a significant proportion were unaware (48.5%), untreated (15.4%), or had uncontrolled diabetes despite treatment (30.2%), with only 5.9% achieving glycemic control.

Conclusions:

  • Low awareness and poor care-seeking behaviors, especially among younger men, represent major obstacles to diabetes control in Ulaanbaatar.
  • These findings underscore systemic and social challenges impacting diabetes management in Mongolia.
  • Further research is recommended to investigate barriers and identify opportunities for improving diabetes awareness and care.