Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Longitudinal Research

Longitudinal Research

Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...

Longitudinal Studies

Longitudinal Studies

Longitudinal studies are also widely used in other medical and social science fields. For instance, in cardiovascular research, they can monitor patients' health over decades to identify risk factors for heart disease, such as high cholesterol or smoking, and evaluate the long-term effectiveness of preventive measures. Similarly, in mental health studies, researchers might follow individuals from adolescence into adulthood to understand the development and progression of conditions like...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Assessing infants' sleep in the home setting: designing rational study approaches.

Pediatric research·2026

Same author

Distinct Temporal Stages of Infant Brain Processing Associate With Early Versus Later Autism Diagnosis.

Developmental science·2026

Same author

Multimodal neuromonitoring in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and the association with neurodevelopmental outcomes: A Multicenter Study.

The Journal of pediatrics·2026

Same author

Genome-wide association studies of infant and toddler temperament in European and multi-ancestry populations.

Nature human behaviour·2026

Same author

Growth in early infancy drives optimal brain functional connectivity which predicts cognitive flexibility in later childhood.

eLife·2026

Same author

Age-Associated Variations in Complete Blood Cell Count Parameters and Derived Indices Among Community-Dwelling Chinese Older Adults.

Journal of clinical laboratory analysis·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Making MR Imaging Child's Play - Pediatric Neuroimaging Protocol, Guidelines and Procedure

Making MR Imaging Child's Play - Pediatric Neuroimaging Protocol, Guidelines and Procedure

Published on: July 30, 2009

Perinatal Imaging in Partnership with Families (PIPKIN): Longitudinal cohort study protocol.

Kaili Clackson¹, Dianna Ilyka^1,2, Borja Blanco¹

¹Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.

|December 30, 2025

Summary

The UK Perinatal Imaging in Partnership with Families (PIPKIN) Study investigates early infant brain development and behavior, examining how the social environment and stress impact neurocognitive trajectories from pregnancy through nine months postpartum.

More Related Videos

Real-time X-ray Imaging of Lung Fluid Volumes in Neonatal Mouse Lung

Real-time X-ray Imaging of Lung Fluid Volumes in Neonatal Mouse Lung

Published on: July 18, 2016

Transcutaneous Microcirculatory Imaging in Preterm Neonates

Transcutaneous Microcirculatory Imaging in Preterm Neonates

Published on: December 31, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Making MR Imaging Child's Play - Pediatric Neuroimaging Protocol, Guidelines and Procedure

Making MR Imaging Child's Play - Pediatric Neuroimaging Protocol, Guidelines and Procedure

Published on: July 30, 2009

Real-time X-ray Imaging of Lung Fluid Volumes in Neonatal Mouse Lung

Real-time X-ray Imaging of Lung Fluid Volumes in Neonatal Mouse Lung

Published on: July 18, 2016

Transcutaneous Microcirculatory Imaging in Preterm Neonates

Transcutaneous Microcirculatory Imaging in Preterm Neonates

Published on: December 31, 2015

Area of Science:

Developmental neuroscience
Perinatal psychology
Infant neuroimaging

Background:

Understanding early brain development is limited, especially concerning the prenatal period and the influence of social factors.
Existing research often lacks ecological validity, failing to capture real-world environmental impacts on infant development.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate early neurocognitive and behavioral development in infants.
To examine the role of the social environment and stress in shaping infant development.
To explore individual differences in developmental trajectories, particularly those related to socioeconomic factors.

Main Methods:

Longitudinal cohort study following families from pregnancy to infant age nine months.
Utilizes 4D ultrasound for fetal behavior, fNIRS and EEG for infant brain imaging, and home-based video recordings.
Incorporates physiological stress measures, questionnaires on family environment and parental well-being, and standardized infant assessments.

Main Results:

The study protocol is designed to capture rapid cortical changes in the first postnatal month, focusing on social brain networks.
It aims to identify individual differences in sensory, behavioral, and motor processing.
The research will analyze the impact of social interaction and poverty-related factors on development.

Conclusions:

The PIPKIN study offers a comprehensive approach to understanding early neurodevelopment within its social context.
Findings are expected to illuminate critical periods and environmental influences on infant trajectories.
This research will provide valuable insights into developmental variations and potential interventions.