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EEG theta dynamics for error processing during online movement control.

Sarah Kessouri1, Frederic R Danion2, Jean-François Lepage3

  • 1Programme de Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada.

Neuroscience
|December 30, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Brain theta oscillations are linked to processing errors during motor control. This study shows increased theta power when participants made more hand-target errors while tracking a moving target.

Keywords:
EEGError processingManual trackingOnline motor controlParieto-frontal networkTheta oscillations

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Motor Control
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

  • Visuomotor feedback control relies on monitoring hand-target errors.
  • Theta band (3-8 Hz) oscillations are implicated in error processing, primarily in cognitive tasks.
  • The role of theta oscillations in real-time motor error processing is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of motor error processing on electroencephalography (EEG) theta-band activity during online manual tracking.
  • To determine if theta-band activity differentiates between high and low motor error conditions.

Main Methods:

  • 29 healthy participants performed continuous manual tracking of a moving target.
  • Two conditions manipulated error processing: a 'Repeated' condition with predictable trajectories and a 'Random' condition with unpredictable trajectories.
  • EEG data was recorded to analyze theta (3-8 Hz), alpha (8-12 Hz), and beta (15-30 Hz) band activity.

Main Results:

  • Tracking errors were significantly higher in the 'Random' condition compared to the 'Repeated' condition.
  • EEG theta power was significantly elevated in the 'Random' condition, particularly over left sensorimotor regions.
  • No significant modulations in alpha or beta band activity were observed between conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Theta oscillations play a role in online error processing during manual motor control.
  • Theta modulations may reflect sensorimotor circuit activity integrating error information for movement adjustment.
  • This extends the known function of theta oscillations beyond cognitive control to motor execution.