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Applications Of NMR In Biology

Applications Of NMR In Biology

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a very valuable analytical technique for researchers. It has been used for more than 50 years as an analytical tool. F. Bloch and E. Purcell formulated NMR in 1946 and won the 1952 Nobel Prize in Physics for their work. Biological macromolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and organic molecules including pharmaceutical compounds, can be studied using this versatile tool that exploits the magnetic properties of certain nuclei.

Nuclear Overhauser Enhancement (NOE)

Nuclear Overhauser Enhancement (NOE)

Irradiation of a spin-active nucleus causes an increase or decrease in the signal intensity of neighboring nuclei that are not necessarily chemically bonded or involved in J-coupling. This phenomenon, called the nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE), results from through-space interactions between the nuclear spins. The NOE effect decreases with increasing internuclear distance and is generally not observed beyond 4 angstroms. In NOE, dipole-dipole interactions between neighboring spin-active...

¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals

¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals

Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are...

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Practical Aspects of Sample Preparation and Setup of 1H R1ρ Relaxation Dispersion Experiments of RNA

Practical Aspects of Sample Preparation and Setup of ¹H R_1ρ Relaxation Dispersion Experiments of RNA

Published on: July 9, 2021

DNP-Enhanced Magic Angle Spinning Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy to Determine RNA-Ligand Interactions.

Alexey Sudakov¹, Johanna Becker-Baldus², Konstantin S Mineev¹

¹Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, Frankfurt 60438, Germany.

Journal of the American Chemical Society

|December 30, 2025

Summary

Magic angle spinning solid-state NMR with dynamic nuclear polarization (MAS-DNP) reveals molecular recognition in large RNA-ligand complexes. Selective labeling is key for structural insights into riboswitches and drug development.

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Last Updated: Jan 7, 2026

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Published on: July 9, 2021

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High-Temperature and High-Pressure In situ Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

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Published on: October 9, 2020

Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Structural Biology
Chemical Biology

Background:

RNA-ligand interactions are crucial for riboswitch regulation.
Understanding these interactions aids in developing RNA-targeting drugs.
Solid-state NMR is a powerful tool for studying biomolecular structures.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine the molecular recognition of a ligand-RNA riboswitch complex using MAS-DNP.
To benchmark labeling strategies for large RNA molecules in MAS-DNP studies.
To explore the application of MAS-DNP for structural analysis of RNA-ligand complexes.

Main Methods:

Magic Angle Spinning Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (MAS-DNP) spectroscopy.
Chemoenzymatic and solid-phase chemical synthesis of labeled RNA.
Preparation of RNA-ligand complexes with cognate metabolites.
2D 13C,15N-TEDOR experiments for structural determination.

Main Results:

MAS-DNP successfully studied a 2'deoxyguanosine-sensing riboswitch from Mesoplasma florum.
Nucleotide- and ligand-selective labeling were essential to overcome signal overlap in large RNAs.
Site-specific and atom-specific labeling enabled structure determination of the ligand-binding pocket.

Conclusions:

MAS-DNP is a viable method for investigating large RNA-ligand complexes.
Optimized labeling strategies are critical for successful MAS-DNP studies of complex RNA systems.
This approach advances structural studies of riboswitches and facilitates RNA-targeted drug discovery.