Structure of the Gq-coupled adhesion receptor ADGRL4
Qingchao Chen1, Anastasiia Gusach1, Aurora Diamante2
1MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, UK.
None:
Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (aGPCRs) are a 32-member family of Class B GPCRs that have diverse cellular roles including mechanosensation, cell-fate determination, neurodevelopment, immune function and tumour biology. ADGRL4 is upregulated in the tumour microenvironment and is implicated in tumour pathogenesis across a broad range of malignancies. Inhibiting ADGRL4 is a potential therapeutic treatment for currently intractable cancers such as glioblastoma. Previous work suggested that ADGRL4 does not signal through G protein coupled pathways. However, using a sensitive bioluminescent assay, we demonstrate here that ADGRL4 couples weakly to the heterotrimeric G protein Gq, whilst there is no robust coupling to other G proteins (Gs, G12, Go) or β-arrestin 1 or 2. We determine the cryo-EM structure of ADGRL4 coupled to a heterotrimeric Gq complex to a resolution of 3.1 Å. The overall fold of ADGRL4 is similar to that of other aGPCRs, but the coupling to Gq is distinct with fewer interactions between the receptor and G protein. The structure is consistent with ADGRL4 being activated by its tethered agonist and represents an important step towards the development of potential inhibitors for the treatment of multiple tumour types.
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