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Decoding Effector-Specific Parametric Grip-Force Anticipation From fMRI-Data.

Guido Caccialupi^1,2, Timo Torsten Schmidt¹, Felix Blankenburg^1,2

¹Neurocomputation and Neuroimaging Unit (NNU), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.

Human Brain Mapping

|December 30, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Brain regions like the intraparietal sulcus and lateral occipitotemporal cortex encode grip-force intensity in an effector-specific manner before motor cortex activation.

Keywords:

MVPA effector‐specific representation fMRI grip‐force motor planning motor preparation prospective working memory

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Motor Control
Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

Motor planning involves neuronal representations of force and timing.
Previous fMRI studies show premotor and parietal activity correlates with motor preparation parameters.
The effector-specificity of these representations remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate whether grip-force intensity is encoded in an effector-specific or effector-independent format in the brain.
To identify brain regions involved in the parametric coding of grip-force during motor preparation.

Main Methods:

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with time-resolved multivoxel pattern analysis (MVPA) and a searchlight approach.
A delayed grip-force task with cued hand-use and mid-delay hand-switching.
Cross-decoding analyses to assess effector-specificity.

Main Results:

Above-chance decoding of grip-force intensity in contralateral intraparietal sulcus (IPS) and lateral occipitotemporal cortex (LOTC) during the first delay period.
Decoding shifted to contralateral primary motor cortices (M1) during the second delay period.
Systematic lateralization of decoding accuracy based on the cued hand indicated effector-specific coding.

Conclusions:

Contralateral IPS and LOTCs encode effector-specific grip-force intensity information prior to M1.
This suggests a transformation process where intended force is selected, maintained, and converted into movement plans.
The findings highlight effector-specific neural representations during motor preparation.