The Prevalence of H. pylori Among Jordanian Type 2 Diabetic Patients and Its Association with ABO Blood Group

Background and Objectives: There is no universal agreement with regard to the correlation between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and ABO blood group antigens. The data related to these are limited. The purpose of this study is to explore the correlation and frequency of H. pylori infection with T2DM and ABO blood group of adults that reside in Jordan. Materials and Methods: This study adopts a cross-sectional comparison of 149 patients diagnosed with T2DM and 168 non-diabetic controls. The One-Step Immunochromatographic DiaSpot^® test was used to diagnose H. pylori, while standardized hemagglutination through the use of monoclonal anti-A, anti-B, and anti-D reagents was used for ABO blood grouping. Analyses were conducted on the correlation between H. pylori infection, diabetes, and ABO blood group through logistic regression. Results: A total of 89 out of the 317 participants tested positive for H. pylori infection (overall seroprevalence = 28.0%), consisting of 51 of the 149 T2DM patients (34.2%) and 38 (22.6%) of the 168 non-diabetic controls. A significant association was observed between diabetes status and H. pylori infection (χ²(1) = 4.71, p < 0.05), with the probability of being H. pylori-positive 1.78 times higher among diabetics (95% CI: 1.085-2.921). A significant association was found between blood group and H. pylori infection, (χ²(3), n = 317) = 15.01, p < 0.001. Of the 89 H. pylori-positive patients, 21 (23.6%) were in blood group A, 13 (14.6%) in group B, and 44 (49.4%) in group O, with the remaining 11 (12.4%) patients in blood group AB. Conclusions: Significant associations were found between H. pylori infection and both T2DM and blood type. Further longitudinal studies that include larger, more diverse populations and more potentially significant factors are needed to clarify these relationships.