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Related Concept Videos

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

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In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
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Glaucoma: Overview01:25

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Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
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Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

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Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
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Mechanism of Ciliary Motion01:05

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The ciliary structures were first seen in 1647 by Antonie Leeuwenhoek while observing the protozoans. In lower organisms, these appendages are responsible for cell movement, while in higher organisms, these appendages help in the movement of the extracellular fluids within the body cavities.
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Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Pharmacological Actions00:59

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Direct-acting cholinergic agonists exert their pharmacological actions by mimicking the effects of acetylcholine on postsynaptic muscarinic receptors to generate parasympathetic responses. These agents elicit a range of physiological responses, including cardiovascular effects. For example, activation of muscarinic receptors induces bradycardia, decreased cardiac output, reduced peripheral resistance, and consequent hypotension. In the eye, stimulation of M3 receptors leads to smooth muscle...
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Actin Polymerization and Cell Motility01:13

Actin Polymerization and Cell Motility

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Actin is a family of globular proteins that are highly abundant in eukaryotic cells. It makes up approximately 1-5% of total cell protein concentration. Actin monomers polymerize to form a complex network of polarized filaments, the actin cytoskeleton, that plays a crucial role in many cellular processes, including cell motility, division, endocytosis, and metastasis of cancer cells.
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RETRACTED: Locri et al. Protective Efficacy of a Dietary Supplement Based on Forskolin, Homotaurine, Spearmint Extract, and Group B Vitamins in a Mouse Model of Optic Nerve Injury. <i>Nutrients</i> 2019, <i>11</i>, 2931.

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RETRACTED: Cammalleri et al. A Dietary Combination of Forskolin with Homotaurine, Spearmint and B Vitamins Protects Injured Retinal Ganglion Cells in a Rodent Model of Hypertensive Glaucoma. <i>Nutrients</i> 2020, <i>12</i>, 1189.

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RETRACTED: Dal Monte et al. Fatty Acids Dietary Supplements Exert Anti-Inflammatory Action and Limit Ganglion Cell Degeneration in the Retina of the EAE Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis. <i>Nutrients</i> 2018, <i>10</i>, 325.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Full-Circle Cauterization of Limbal Vascular Plexus for Surgically Induced Glaucoma in Rodents
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Cell Motility Dynamics in Glaucoma: Mechanisms, Pathogenic Roles, and Therapeutic Targeting.

Dario Rusciano1, Caterina Gagliano2,3, Alessandro Avitabile4

  • 1Fidia Pharmaceuticals, Ophthalmology Research, Catania University, 95100 Catania, Italy.

Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)
|December 31, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cell motility is crucial for eye health. In glaucoma, altered cell movement in the trabecular meshwork and optic nerve head contributes to disease progression, but targeting these processes offers therapeutic potential.

Keywords:
Rho/ROCK signalingSchlemm’s canalTGF-β2astrocyte reactivitycell motilityendothelial–mesenchymal transitionmechanotransductiontrabecular meshwork

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Laser Capture Microdissection of Highly Pure Trabecular Meshwork from Mouse Eyes for Gene Expression Analysis
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Area of Science:

  • Ocular biology
  • Cellular dynamics
  • Glaucoma research

Background:

  • Cell motility, involving migration and extracellular matrix interactions, is vital for ocular homeostasis.
  • In glaucoma, disrupted cell motility in the trabecular meshwork (TM), Schlemm's canal (SC), and optic nerve head (ONH) leads to elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) and neurodegeneration.
  • Key regulators include Rho GTPase/ROCK signaling, focal adhesions, ECM, and TGF-β2, with cytoskeletal changes and endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) exacerbating damage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of cell motility in ocular homeostasis and glaucoma pathogenesis.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms regulating cell motility in TM/SC and ONH glial cells.
  • To identify therapeutic strategies targeting cell motility for glaucoma treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of mechanisms regulating TM/SC and ONH glial cell motility.
  • Analysis of cytoskeletal alterations, ECM stiffening, and EndMT in glaucoma.
  • Evaluation of therapeutic approaches including ROCK inhibitors and stem cell strategies.

Main Results:

  • Disrupted TM/SC motility impairs aqueous humor outflow and elevates IOP.
  • Reactive ONH glial cell motility promotes fibrosis and retinal ganglion cell loss.
  • ROCK inhibitors demonstrate potential in improving TM/SC function, suppressing EndMT, and offering neuroprotection.

Conclusions:

  • Modulating cell motility presents a unified therapeutic strategy for glaucoma's pressure-dependent and neurodegenerative aspects.
  • Targeting Rho GTPase/ROCK signaling, TGF-β2, and mechanotransduction pathways shows promise for restoring physiological motility.
  • Further research is needed for safe and durable therapeutic interventions in cell dynamics modulation for glaucoma.