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A New Disinfection Approach Using a Chitosan-Based Endodontic Irrigant
Alejandra Itzel Lopez-Flores1, Ulises Velazquez-Enriquez2, Rogelio Jose Scougall-Vilchis2
1Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca 50130, MX, Mexico.
Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 31, 2025
Summary
Chitosan nanoparticles loaded with antibiotics show promise as endodontic irrigants, with ciprofloxacin-loaded nanoparticles exhibiting strong antibacterial effects against Enterococcus faecalis and metronidazole-loaded nanoparticles demonstrating low cytotoxicity.
Area of Science:
- Biomaterials Science
- Endodontics
- Nanotechnology
Background:
- Chitosan nanoparticles (CH-NPs) offer a dual benefit of antibacterial activity and low toxicity for endodontic irrigants.
- Developing effective irrigants is crucial for improving endodontic treatment outcomes.
- Enterococcus faecalis is a persistent pathogen in endodontic infections.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and evaluate chitosan nanoparticles loaded with metronidazole, ciprofloxacin, and minocycline.
- To assess the antibacterial efficacy of these CH-NPs against Enterococcus faecalis.
- To determine the cytotoxicity of the developed CH-NPs on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs).
Main Methods:
- Synthesis and characterization of antibiotic-loaded CH-NPs using FTIR and UV-Vis spectroscopy.
- Determination of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) via agar diffusion and microdilution assays.
- Cytotoxicity assessment using median cytotoxic dose evaluation on hDPSCs.
Main Results:
- Successful synthesis of CH-NPs loaded with metronidazole, ciprofloxacin, and minocycline confirmed by spectroscopic analysis.
- CH-NPs-ciprofloxacin demonstrated the highest antibacterial activity against E. faecalis.
- CH-NPs-metronidazole exhibited the lowest cytotoxicity against hDPSCs, while CH-NPs-minocycline showed enhanced antibacterial effects but increased cytotoxicity.
Conclusions:
- Antibiotic-loaded CH-NPs represent a potential advancement in endodontic irrigation solutions.
- Further research is needed to fully explore the therapeutic potential and optimize the use of CH-NPs in endodontics.
- This study provides foundational data for developing novel endodontic irrigants with improved efficacy and safety profiles.
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