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Updated: Jan 7, 2026

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Design and Characterization of Silane-Modified Bio-Based Non-Isocyanate Polyurethane Coatings for Advanced Surface

Rutu Patel1, Ajay Kumar1,2, Mayankkumar L Chaudhary1

  • 1National Institute for Materials Advancement, Pittsburg State University, 1204 Research Road, Pittsburg, KS 66762, USA.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 31, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study developed eco-friendly, bio-based non-isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) coatings using silane modification. These sustainable NIPU coatings offer enhanced mechanical strength, flexibility, and durability for industrial applications.

Keywords:
bio-based coatingcarbonated soybean oilnon-isocyanate polyurethanesilane modificationβ-hydroxyurethane–siloxane network

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Sustainable Chemistry

Background:

  • Conventional polyurethanes rely on toxic isocyanates, posing environmental and health risks.
  • There is a growing demand for sustainable alternatives in the coatings and adhesives industry.
  • Bio-based polymers offer a renewable pathway to reduce reliance on fossil fuels.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize novel bio-based non-isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) coatings.
  • To investigate the effect of silane modification on the properties of NIPU coatings.
  • To explore the potential of these NIPU coatings for sustainable industrial applications.

Main Methods:

  • Carbonated soybean oil (CSBO) was synthesized from epoxidized soybean oil (ESBO) using CO2.
  • NIPU coatings were formed by polymerizing CSBO with ethylenediamine (EDA) and varying concentrations of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES).
  • Mechanical, thermal, adhesion, and hydrophobic properties were evaluated.

Main Results:

  • The optimized silane-modified NIPU (CEA-5) exhibited excellent tensile strength (3.3 MPa) and elongation at break (~150%).
  • The coatings demonstrated good thermal stability up to ~350 °C, hydrophobic behavior (WCA ~102°), and adhesion (3.6 MPa).
  • A synergistic effect between urethane hydrogen bonding and siloxane crosslinking enhanced toughness and durability.

Conclusions:

  • A scalable and eco-friendly method for producing silane-modified NIPU coatings was established.
  • These NIPU coatings possess superior mechanical, thermal, and performance characteristics.
  • The developed materials are suitable for sustainable industrial coating and adhesive applications.