Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Knee Joint

Knee Joint

The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris...

Development of the Limb Synovial Joints

Development of the Limb Synovial Joints

Joints form during embryonic development in conjunction with the formation and growth of the associated bones. The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all bones, cartilage, and connective tissues of the body is called mesenchyme.
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
During development, the limbs...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Theoretical Thermal-Mechanical Modelling and Experimental Validation of a Three-Dimensional (3D) Electrothermal Microgripper with Three Fingers.

Micromachines·2021

Same author

Design, Fabrication, and Testing of a Novel 3D 3-Fingered Electrothermal Microgripper with Multiple Degrees of Freedom.

Micromachines·2021

Same author

Exploration of prognosis-related microRNA and transcription factor co-regulatory networks across cancer types.

RNA biology·2019

Same author

Physical adsorption of patulin by <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> during fermentation.

Journal of food science and technology·2019

Same author

Mine landslide susceptibility assessment using IVM, ANN and SVM models considering the contribution of affecting factors.

PloS one·2019

Same author

Reducing Water Sensitivity of Chitosan Biocomposite Films Using Gliadin Particles Made by In Situ Method.

Polymers·2019

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Design and Fabrication of an Elastomeric Unit for Soft Modular Robots in Minimally Invasive Surgery

Design and Fabrication of an Elastomeric Unit for Soft Modular Robots in Minimally Invasive Surgery

Published on: November 14, 2015

Design, Modeling, and Testing-A Compact Variable-Stiffness Actuator for Knee Joint Dimensions.

Guoning Si¹, Zilong Guo¹, Zhuo Zhang²

¹School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.

|December 31, 2025

Summary

This study introduces a new compact variable-stiffness mechanism for knee exoskeletons. It improves stroke rehabilitation by adapting stiffness for safer, more precise gait assistance.

Keywords:

exoskeleton design hemiparetic gait rehabilitation knee exoskeleton variable-stiffness mechanism

More Related Videos

Subject-specific Musculoskeletal Model for Studying Bone Strain During Dynamic Motion

Subject-specific Musculoskeletal Model for Studying Bone Strain During Dynamic Motion

Published on: April 11, 2018

A Friction Testing-Bioreactor Device for Study of Synovial Joint Biomechanics, Mechanobiology, and Physical Regulation

A Friction Testing-Bioreactor Device for Study of Synovial Joint Biomechanics, Mechanobiology, and Physical Regulation

Published on: June 2, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Design and Fabrication of an Elastomeric Unit for Soft Modular Robots in Minimally Invasive Surgery

Design and Fabrication of an Elastomeric Unit for Soft Modular Robots in Minimally Invasive Surgery

Published on: November 14, 2015

Subject-specific Musculoskeletal Model for Studying Bone Strain During Dynamic Motion

Subject-specific Musculoskeletal Model for Studying Bone Strain During Dynamic Motion

Published on: April 11, 2018

A Friction Testing-Bioreactor Device for Study of Synovial Joint Biomechanics, Mechanobiology, and Physical Regulation

A Friction Testing-Bioreactor Device for Study of Synovial Joint Biomechanics, Mechanobiology, and Physical Regulation

Published on: June 2, 2022

Area of Science:

Biomechanics
Robotics
Rehabilitation Engineering

Background:

Stroke rehabilitation exoskeletons need adaptable joint stiffness.
Current designs struggle to replicate physiological stiffness modulation during gait.

Purpose of the Study:

To present a novel compact variable-stiffness mechanism (VSM) for knee exoskeletons.
To enable adaptable stiffness for improved hemiparetic gait assistance.

Main Methods:

Design of a VSM based on a simplified three-bar linkage.
Static characterization under load to assess stiffness and force attenuation.
Parametric analysis to correlate theoretical and experimental stiffness profiles.

Main Results:

Achieved a pre-configurable quasi-stiffness range of 0.15-2.0 NM/deg.
Demonstrated up to 23.0 N of collision force attenuation via passive dissipation.
Showed 89% correlation between theoretical and experimental stiffness profiles.

Conclusions:

The VSM offers decoupled optimization of impact safety and positional precision.
Provides a clinically adaptable solution for hemiparetic gait assistance.
Enables adaptive stiffness modulation crucial for effective exoskeleton-based stroke rehabilitation.