A 3-Bit Low-Profile High-Gain Transmissive Intelligent Surface for Beam Focusing and Steering Applications

Area of Science:

• Electromagnetic Metamaterials
• Antenna Engineering
• Wireless Communication Systems

Background:

• Intelligent surfaces are crucial for advanced wireless systems.
• Existing designs face limitations in phase control and insertion loss.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop a high-performance 3-bit transmissive intelligent surface (TIS).
• To achieve precise beam steering and gain enhancement for wireless applications.

Main Methods:

• Utilized a novel unit cell with anti-symmetrically oriented loaded semi-loop dipole resonators.
• Employed ray tracing and phase shift compensation for array design.
• Integrated varactor diodes for discrete phase states.

Main Results:

• Achieved 360° phase variation in 45° steps with <2 dB insertion loss at 10 GHz.
• Demonstrated 10.8 dB gain enhancement and preserved antenna performance.
• Enabled beam steering up to 60° with ±2° precision across multiple angles.
• Maintained average steering gain loss of 3 dB over a 400 MHz bandwidth.

Conclusions:

• The proposed 3-bit TIS offers significant performance improvements for wireless coverage extension.
• The design is suitable for modern tracking applications requiring precise beam control.
• This work advances the development of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces for future wireless networks.