Nutrition and Physical Activity in an Interdisciplinary Approach to Migraine: A Narrative Review

Background/Objectives: Migraine (MIG) is a neurologic, acute or chronic, disabling pathology that significantly reduces quality of life in millions of people worldwide. Among modifiable factors that influence the onset and management of MIG, nutritional and physical activity habits are crucial elements of a non-pharmacological treatment aiming at improving the anti-inflammatory condition. Methods: This review analyses the evidence available, using the last 10 years of published papers (searching in MEDLINE/PubMed), on the use of specific dietetic plans, the identification of potential nutritional triggers, the role of some supplements, the effects of regular PA, and weight management, in people with MIG. Results: Associations have been reported between the use of ketogenic, low-glycemic, and anti-inflammatory dietary patterns, the identification of potential nutritional triggers, and supplementation with some elements such as any vitamins, PUFAs, and CoQ10, in addition to regular mixed PA, and the duration, frequency, and intensity of MIG attacks. Conclusions: Despite some RCTs showing promising results, an actual lifestyle-based protocol does not yet exist due to methodological limitations. However, current evidence supports the development of a "lifestyle" approach to MIG management, although further research is needed to establish definitive and standardized clinical recommendations.