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The nucleolus is the most prominent substructure of the nucleus. When it was first discovered, it was considered to be an isolated organelle that forms fibrils and granules. In 1931, the relationship between the nucleolus and chromosomes was first described by Heitz. He observed that the appearance and size of nucleolus varies depending on the stage of the cell cycle. He also noticed constricted regions on different chromosomes clustered together at definite cell cycle stages. These regions,...
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Sirtuins in Women's Health.

Rasajna Madhusudhana1, Abu Hamza1, Emily Boyle1

  • 1Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23219, USA.

Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 31, 2025
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Sirtuins are key proteins impacting women's health across their lifespan, influencing reproduction, metabolism, and aging. Therapies targeting sirtuin activity show promise for improving women's healthspan.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Women's Health

Background:

  • Human sirtuins (SIRT1-SIRT7) are NAD+-dependent protein deacylases.
  • Sirtuins regulate crucial cellular processes including metabolism, stress response, DNA repair, and aging.
  • Emerging evidence underscores the significant role of sirtuins in women's health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted roles of sirtuins throughout the female lifespan.
  • To explore sirtuin involvement in reproductive, metabolic, oncologic, and age-related disorders specific to women.
  • To consolidate current understanding for potential therapeutic development.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review integrating recent scientific insights.
  • Analysis of sirtuin functions across different life stages in females.
  • Examination of sirtuin involvement in various health conditions.

Main Results:

  • Sirtuins are critical regulators of female reproductive function and pregnancy outcomes.
  • Sirtuin decline with aging is linked to menopausal and metabolic issues.
  • Sirtuins play a role in hormone-dependent cancers.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding sirtuin isoform and tissue specificity is crucial for targeted therapies.
  • Pharmacological strategies enhancing sirtuin activity, like NAD+ precursors, offer therapeutic potential.
  • Targeting sirtuins can improve both lifespan and healthspan in women.