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Pipe Flowrate Measurement

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Experimental Investigation of the Flow Structure over a Delta Wing Via Flow Visualization Methods

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Instrumentation Strategies for Monitoring Flow in Centrifugal Compressor Diffusers: Techniques and Case Studies.

Emilia-Georgiana Prisăcariu¹, Oana Dumitrescu¹

¹Romanian Research and Development Institute for Gas Turbines COMOTI, 061126 Bucharest, Romania.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

|December 31, 2025

Summary

Accurate monitoring of centrifugal compressor diffusers is challenging. High-frequency sensors and optical methods are crucial for understanding flow instability and ensuring reliable operation.

Keywords:

centrifugal compressor diffuser instrumentation particle image velocimetry pressure measurements pressure-sensitive paint rotating stall surge detection temperature measurements unsteady flow diagnostics vibration and acoustic monitoring

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Last Updated: Jan 7, 2026

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Area of Science:

Mechanical Engineering
Aerodynamics
Fluid Dynamics

Background:

Characterizing complex 3D flow in centrifugal compressor diffusers is difficult due to geometric constraints, high speeds, and unsteadiness.
Understanding diffuser flow is vital for preventing surge and stall, which degrade performance and reliability.

Purpose of the Study:

To comprehensively review current instrumentation strategies for centrifugal compressor diffuser flow characterization.
To evaluate the effectiveness of various sensing technologies in capturing diffuser behavior and instability.

Main Methods:

Review of contemporary instrumentation for pressure, temperature, velocity, vibration, and acoustic measurements.
Comparison of conventional probes with emerging high-resolution, high-bandwidth sensors.
Evaluation of optical methods like Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV), Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV), and Pressure/Temperature Sensitive Paint (PSP/TSP).

Main Results:

High-frequency pressure and temperature probes are essential for detecting flow instabilities.
Optical techniques provide high spatial resolution for analyzing flow structures.
Hybrid sensing architectures and data-driven analysis are increasingly integrated into diffuser research.

Conclusions:

Effective diffuser flow monitoring requires advanced sensing technologies and synchronized data acquisition.
Limitations in measurement fidelity and accessibility persist, necessitating further development of robust, real-time solutions.
Improved monitoring is key to enhancing the reliability and performance of centrifugal compressors.