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Evolution of Porcine Virus Isolation: Guidelines for Practical Laboratory Application
Danila Moiseenko1, Roman Chernyshev1, Natalya Kamalova1
1Federal Centre for Animal Health, 600901 Vladimir, Russia.
Microorganisms
|December 31, 2025
Summary
This guide recommends optimal cell culture methods for diagnosing porcine viral infections. The porcine kidney (PK-15) cell line is best for most viruses, while porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) are crucial for African swine fever and PRRSV.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Virology
- Cell Culture Technology
- Animal Disease Diagnostics
Background:
- Cell cultures are vital for diagnosing viral infections in pigs.
- Interpreting results depends on cell line origin and virus replication.
- World Organization for Animal Health emphasizes virus isolation in cell culture for diagnosis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review and recommend cell culture techniques for primary isolation of porcine viruses.
- To identify optimal cell lines for culturing a wide range of swine viruses.
- To provide a basis for virological laboratories to improve diagnostic methods.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of virus isolation techniques for various porcine diseases.
- Analysis of experimental data and practical experience with different cell lines.
- Evaluation of cell culture suitability for specific porcine viral pathogens.
Main Results:
- The porcine kidney (PK-15) cell line is identified as the most suitable for isolating the majority of porcine viral pathogens.
- Porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) remain the primary model for isolating African swine fever virus (ASFV) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV).
- Specific cell types are recommended based on virus characteristics and isolation efficiency.
Conclusions:
- The PK-15 cell line offers broad utility for porcine virus isolation.
- PAMs are essential for specific high-impact swine viruses like ASFV and PRRSV.
- These recommendations aid reference laboratories in optimizing cultivation, field isolate acquisition, and strain adaptation for porcine viral diagnostics.
