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Acute systemic anaphylaxis in the calf.

P Eyre, A J Lewis, P W Wells

    British Journal of Pharmacology
    |March 1, 1973
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Bovine anaphylaxis involves hypotension and breathing issues. Drugs like diethylcarbamazine and disodium cromoglycate, alongside sodium meclofenamate, effectively suppressed anaphylaxis, suggesting slow-reacting substance A (SRS-A) as a key mediator.

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    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Immunology
    • Pharmacology
    • Bovine Medicine

    Background:

    • Acute systemic anaphylaxis in calves presents with significant hypotension and pulmonary hypertension.
    • Calves exhibit a biphasic response to antigen challenge but do not mount a third reaction.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the mediators and potential therapeutic interventions for bovine anaphylaxis.
    • To elucidate the role of histamine, serotonin, and slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A) in calf anaphylaxis.

    Main Methods:

    • Systemic anaphylaxis was induced in calves, and physiological parameters were monitored.
    • The efficacy of various drugs, including mepyramine, methysergide, diethylcarbamazine, disodium cromoglycate, and sodium meclofenamate, was evaluated.
    • Vagotomy and isolated lung preparations were used to assess the roles of specific mediators and neural pathways.

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    Main Results:

    • Mepyramine was ineffective, while methysergide and diethylcarbamazine partially suppressed anaphylaxis.
    • Combined diethylcarbamazine and disodium cromoglycate, and sodium meclofenamate, significantly inhibited anaphylaxis (85% and 80%, respectively).
    • Plasma histamine increased, whole blood histamine decreased, and vagotomy abolished the ventilatory effects of histamine and serotonin.

    Conclusions:

    • Slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A) is implicated as a significant mediator in bovine anaphylaxis.
    • Combined pharmacological interventions show promise for managing anaphylaxis in calves.
    • Histamine and serotonin play a role in the ventilatory aspects of anaphylaxis, modulated by vagal pathways.