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Diversity of Protists IV01:27

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Amoebozoa represent a diverse group of terrestrial and aquatic protists that utilize lobe-shaped pseudopodia for locomotion and feeding. This characteristic differentiates them from the Rhizaria, which possess threadlike pseudopodia. The primary classifications within Amoebozoa include gymnamoebas, entamoebas, and the plasmodial and cellular slime molds. Phylogenetic evidence indicates that Amoebozoa diverged from a lineage that ultimately gave rise to fungi and animals.Gymnamoebas and...
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Alveolates are a group of organisms recognized by the presence of alveoli, which are cytoplasmic sacs located beneath the cell membrane. While their function remains uncertain, alveoli may help regulate water balance by controlling how much water enters and leaves the cell. In dinoflagellates, these structures may serve as armor plates. There are three major types of alveolates: ciliates, which move using cilia; dinoflagellates, which use flagella for movement; and apicomplexans, which are...
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Rhizaria are a diverse group of unicellular protists characterized by their threadlike cytoplasmic extensions known as pseudopodia. These structures aid in both locomotion and feeding, giving Rhizaria an amoeboid appearance. Their amoeboid morphology once led to taxonomic confusion, but molecular phylogenetics has clarified their evolutionary placement and emphasized their shared use of pseudopodia despite divergent lineages.This clade comprises diverse lineages such as Chlorarachniophyta,...
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Excavata is a diverse group of protists that includes both chemoorganotrophic and phototrophic species, with some thriving in anaerobic environments. Among the key groups within Excavata are diplomonads and parabasalids, which are flagellated protists that lack mitochondria and chloroplasts. These microorganisms typically inhabit anoxic environments, such as the intestines of animals, where they exist either symbiotically or as parasites, relying on fermentation for energy production. Some...
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Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
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Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
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Herpesvirus Diversity in Atlantic Procellariiformes.

Laura Baes1,2, Carolina Reigada2, Aricia Duarte-Benvenuto3

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Herpesviruses were detected in 24% of threatened Procellariiformes seabirds. This study identifies novel herpesvirus lineages and expands known host ranges, highlighting potential interhemispheric transmission risks.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Avian Virology
  • Wildlife Disease Ecology
  • Marine Ornithology

Background:

  • Procellariiformes seabirds face significant global threats.
  • Viral pathogens, particularly herpesviruses, are poorly understood in this group.
  • Herpesviruses can cause severe disease and establish latency in birds.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To survey for herpesvirus infection in Procellariiformes stranded in Brazil.
  • To identify herpesvirus types and their hosts within this seabird group.
  • To understand the implications for seabird health and viral circulation.

Main Methods:

  • Survey of 50 Procellariiformes individuals from 12 species stranded along the Brazilian coast (2017-2023).
  • Nested pan-PCR targeting the DNA polymerase gene for herpesvirus detection.
  • Sequence analysis to identify herpesvirus types and phylogenetic clustering.

Main Results:

  • Herpesvirus DNA detected in 24% (12/50) of surveyed birds.
  • Seven distinct herpesvirus sequence types identified, all within the Mardivirus genus.
  • First-time herpesvirus detection reported in Black-browed Albatross, Cape Verde Shearwater, Manx Shearwater, and Southern Giant-Petrel.
  • New host reports for Yellow-nosed Albatross and Cory's Shearwater.
  • No associated lesions observed during histopathological examination.

Conclusions:

  • Findings expand the known host range of herpesviruses in Procellariiformes.
  • Suggests potential herpesvirus circulation between Southern and Northern Hemisphere colonies and non-breeding areas.
  • Emphasizes the need for integrated studies to understand herpesvirus transmission dynamics in seabirds.