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A Review of Receptor Recognition Mechanisms in Coronaviruses

Jie Liu1, Wenjing Luo1, Jianming Li1

  • 1Institute of Medical Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control, Jinan University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510632, China.

Viruses
|December 31, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Understanding how coronaviruses bind to cellular receptors is key to fighting viral infections. This knowledge aids in predicting hosts, preventing spread, and developing effective coronavirus treatments.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Cellular receptor recognition is critical for coronavirus entry and infection.
  • Understanding these interactions is vital for controlling viral spread and pathogenesis.
  • Identifying host receptors helps predict viral host range and immune evasion strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize current knowledge on host receptor recognition mechanisms across coronavirus genera.
  • To review methods for identifying and characterizing viral receptors.
  • To highlight the integration of advanced techniques for studying coronavirus-receptor interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of host receptor recognition in coronaviruses.
  • Compilation of diverse methodologies for virus receptor identification.
  • Synthesis of data from structural biology, multi-omics, and computational predictions.

Main Results:

  • Detailed overview of host receptor usage by different coronavirus genera.
  • Catalog of established and emerging methods for virus receptor discovery.
  • Demonstration of how integrated approaches elucidate virus-receptor binding.

Conclusions:

  • Elucidating coronavirus-receptor interactions provides a framework for antiviral development.
  • This research supports the creation of broad-spectrum antivirals and biosensors.
  • Understanding receptor mechanisms is crucial for combating emerging coronavirus threats.
Keywords:
coronavirusreceptor mechanismspike proteinvirus and host receptors interaction

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