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Addiction-related problems in Japan: A regional perspective
Soichiro Ide1, Yoko Nishitani2, Masahiko Sumitani3
1Addictive Substance Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan.
Addiction (Abingdon, England)
|December 31, 2025
Summary
Japan faces a unique addiction challenge: low illicit drug use contrasts with high alcohol, tobacco, and gambling harm. Recent trends show a rise in cannabis offenses, highlighting evolving drug issues alongside persistent behavioral addictions.
Area of Science:
- Addiction Science
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Japan exhibits low lifetime illicit drug use but high rates of alcohol, tobacco, and gambling-related harm.
- Historically, methamphetamine dominated drug offenses, but cannabis offenses surpassed stimulant offenses in 2023.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review Japan's drug-related problems, covering epidemiology, social impact, policy, prevention, and treatment.
- To analyze current addiction science trends and propose policy-research integration.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of Japan's addiction landscape.
- Analysis of epidemiological data and policy changes.
- Examination of social impact and treatment infrastructure.
Main Results:
- Illicit drug use prevalence remains below 3% in adults.
- Heavy drinking, tobacco use, and digitalized gambling disorders impose significant disease burdens.
- Cannabis offenses outnumbered stimulant offenses for the first time since 1958.
Conclusions:
- Japan's addiction profile is characterized by low illicit drug use and high prevalence of legal substance and behavioral addictions.
- The nation's approach balances strict enforcement with health-centered care, offering potential models for similar regions.
- Integrating policy and research is crucial for addressing complex addiction challenges effectively.
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