Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Cutoff Value of Phase Angle by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis at Admission as a Prognostic Factor in Patients with Acute Heart Failure
05:16

Cutoff Value of Phase Angle by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis at Admission as a Prognostic Factor in Patients with Acute Heart Failure

Published on: June 10, 2025

499

The hemoglobin glycation index stratifies heart failure phenotypes and in-hospital risk

Chuxin Lyu1,2,3, Xinyu Tong4, Pingyang Fu1,2,3

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.

Frontiers in Endocrinology
|December 31, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Higher hemoglobin glycation index (HGI) in hospitalized heart failure (HF) patients is linked to reduced ejection fraction (EF) and increased risk of worsening heart failure (WHF). HGI may aid in HF phenotype characterization and risk stratification.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Metabolic Syndrome
  • Clinical Research

Background:

  • Heart failure (HF) management requires accurate patient stratification.
  • Ejection fraction (EF) categories are crucial for HF phenotyping.
  • Hemoglobin glycation index (HGI) reflects chronic hyperglycemia and may correlate with HF severity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the association between HGI and EF categories in hospitalized HF patients.
  • To investigate the relationship between HGI and in-hospital worsening heart failure (WHF).

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective study of 647 hospitalized HF patients.
  • HGI calculated from measured and predicted HbA1c.
  • Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline analysis used to evaluate associations.

Main Results:

  • Higher HGI was associated with reduced EF phenotypes (HFrEF).
  • Each 1-unit increase in HGI decreased the odds of higher EF categories by ~25%.
  • Higher HGI significantly increased the risk of in-hospital WHF (OR=2.161 per unit increase).

Conclusions:

  • Elevated HGI is linked to the HFrEF phenotype in hospitalized HF patients.
  • HGI is a significant predictor of in-hospital worsening heart failure.
  • HGI shows potential as a supplementary marker for HF risk stratification and phenotyping.
Abstract

Keywords:
ejection fractionheart failurehemoglobin glycation indexin-hospital outcomesworsening heart failure

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