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    Area of Science:

    • Cognitive Neuroscience
    • Computational Neuroscience

    Background:

    • Human decisions often lead to motor actions, with neural signals reflecting this process.
    • Internal decisions, unlike overt actions, guide behavior by selecting rules for sensory-motor processes.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the brain dynamics of internal decision-making regarding stimulus-response mapping rules.
    • To understand how the brain tracks changing rules using ambiguous sensory cues.

    Main Methods:

    • Used source-level magnetoencephalography (MEG) data.
    • Applied computational model-based decoding to analyze neural representations.
    • Studied participants performing visual orientation judgments with hidden rule changes.

    Main Results:

    • Identified representations of the internal belief about the active rule in multiple brain areas, including the occipital cortex.
    • Observed that these neural representations align with predictions from normative models.
    • Found similar representation profiles in frontal areas associated with overt decisions.

    Conclusions:

    • A distributed cortical network supports evidence accumulation for internal decisions.
    • Even the visual cortex can represent high-level cognitive beliefs and rules.