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Harmonized nonhuman cancer database.

Eslam Abousamra1, Benjamin Jagt1, Esther Osafo1

  • 1Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, City University of New York School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York, NY.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
|December 31, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

All animals can get cancer, but incidence varies by species and tissue. A new harmonized dataset reveals lower rates of breast, colon, and lung cancers in nonhuman species, suggesting key genetic factors in cancer development and suppression.

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Area of Science:

  • Comparative oncology
  • Bioinformatics
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Cancer affects all multicellular animals, with prevalence varying significantly across species and tissue types.
  • Understanding species-specific cancer rates and contributing factors is crucial for developing novel therapies.
  • Research is hindered by inconsistent and species-specific tumor data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To create a harmonized dataset of tumors across diverse species to facilitate comparative cancer research.
  • To analyze cancer incidence across different tissue types in nonhuman species.
  • To identify potential genetic mechanisms underlying cancer suppression and oncogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Compiled a harmonized dataset of tumors from 41,539 individuals across 825 species.
  • Annotated each tumor with NCBI taxonomy ID, tissue-type ID, and cell type ID.
  • Analyzed the relative incidence of specific cancer types (breast, colon, lung, soft tissue) across species.

Main Results:

  • Breast, colon, and lung cancer incidence is generally low in nonhuman species.
  • Soft tissue tumors exhibit a relatively high incidence across various species.
  • Demonstrated significant variation in cancer rates dependent on tissue type.

Conclusions:

  • The findings suggest the presence of uncharacterized genetic mechanisms involved in tumor suppression and oncogenesis.
  • These mechanisms in nonhuman species may offer insights into human cancer progression and metastasis.
  • A harmonized dataset is essential for advancing comparative oncology research.