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Active Tuberculosis Risk Associated with Malignancies: A 4-Year Retrospective Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Priyamvada Roy1, Kiran Bala1, Jaya Biswas1
1Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
South Asian Journal of Cancer
|December 31, 2025
Summary
Tuberculosis (TB) is a significant risk for cancer patients, particularly those with lung, leukemia, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary cancers. Early screening and treatment for TB in these high-risk cancer populations are crucial for reducing mortality.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
Background:
- Tuberculosis (TB) poses a significant global public health challenge.
- Cancer patients face an elevated risk of TB reactivation or reinfection.
- This study examines TB incidence and outcomes in a tertiary care hospital setting.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) in cancer patients undergoing treatment.
- To identify specific cancer types with a higher risk of TB co-infection.
- To evaluate the effectiveness of diagnostic methods and patient outcomes.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of clinical samples from cancer patients with suspected TB.
- Utilized Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) staining, GeneXpert MTB/RIF (Gx), TB polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and liquid culture (MGIT 960).
- Statistical analysis performed using Stata 14.0 with Pearson's chi-square test.
Main Results:
- Out of 906 patients, 42 (4.64%) were diagnosed with TB.
- GeneXpert (10.53%) and PCR (13.51%) showed higher detection rates than ZN staining (1.37%) and MGIT culture (6%).
- Lung cancer (28%), leukemia (25%), and gastrointestinal/genitourinary cancers (13% each) were most common among TB-positive patients. Mortality was highest in Hodgkin's lymphoma (75%).
Conclusions:
- Active TB is prevalent in cancer patients, particularly those with lung, leukemia, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary cancers.
- High mortality rates associated with TB in Hodgkin's lymphoma patients underscore the need for vigilance.
- Targeted TB screening at cancer diagnosis and periodically during treatment is recommended for high-risk cancer patients.
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