Bilateral Cerebral Calcifications in Secondary Fahr's Syndrome

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Biochemistry
• Radiology

Background:

• Fahr's syndrome is a rare neurodegenerative disorder characterized by bilateral cerebral calcifications, primarily in the basal ganglia.
• These calcifications result from disturbances in calcium-phosphate homeostasis, leading to neurological, neurocognitive, and psychiatric symptoms.

Purpose of the Study:

• To describe three rare cases of Fahr's syndrome presenting with pronounced bilateral cerebral calcifications.
• To emphasize the importance of long-term monitoring and early intervention in high-risk patients.

Main Methods:

• Case study of three patients admitted for first-time epileptic seizures.
• Laboratory tests revealed significant hypocalcemia.
• Cerebral computed tomography confirmed bilateral cerebral calcifications.

Main Results:

• All three patients experienced epileptic seizures due to hypocalcemia and cerebral calcifications.
• Following calcium substitution and anticonvulsant therapy, patients recovered to their pre-hospital state and were seizure-free upon discharge.

Conclusions:

• Fahr's syndrome requires vigilant long-term follow-up with biochemical testing and neuroimaging.
• Early diagnosis and treatment, including pharmaceutical and nutritional substitution, can prevent severe neurological and psychiatric complications in high-risk individuals.