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Related Concept Videos

Complement System01:27

Complement System

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The complement system is a group of approximately 20 plasma proteins that strengthen the body's defenses against infections through opsonization, inflammation, and cell lysis. Opsonization involves coating pathogens with complement proteins, making them more recognizable and facilitating phagocyte engulfment. Certain complement proteins induce inflammation that attracts immune cells to the site of infection. Cell lysis involves the destruction of pathogens through the formation of a...
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Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
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Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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Genomics02:02

Genomics

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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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Complementation Tests00:49

Complementation Tests

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A complementation test is a simple cross to identify whether the two mutations are located on the same gene or different genes. It was first performed by Edward Lewis in the 1940s while working on fruit flies. He developed the test to identify the location and arrangement of different mutations on chromosomes.
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 7, 2026

High-resolution Melting PCR for Complement Receptor 1 Length Polymorphism Genotyping: An Innovative Tool for Alzheimer's Disease Gene Susceptibility Assessment
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High-resolution Melting PCR for Complement Receptor 1 Length Polymorphism Genotyping: An Innovative Tool for Alzheimer's Disease Gene Susceptibility Assessment

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Advances in Complement Research: from Pathophysiology to Precision Medicine.

Joshua M Thurman1

  • 1Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States.

Physiology (Bethesda, Md.)
|December 31, 2025
PubMed
Summary

The complement system, a key part of immunity, protects against pathogens but can cause inflammation in diseases. New drugs targeting complement offer therapeutic potential for various conditions.

Keywords:
autoimmunecomplementinflammationtherapeutics

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • The complement cascade is an ancient immune system involving proteins that activate sequentially.
  • It aids in pathogen lysis, immune cell engagement, inflammation regulation, and tissue repair.
  • Intracellular complement protein cleavage also plays roles in homeostasis and signaling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted roles of the complement system in host defense and disease.
  • To highlight the significance of complement in autoimmune, inflammatory, and degenerative conditions.
  • To discuss the development and implications of complement inhibitory drugs.

Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes current knowledge on complement biology.
  • It examines the mechanisms of complement activation and its downstream effects.
  • It analyzes the therapeutic strategies involving complement inhibition.

Main Results:

  • Complement activation is crucial for immunity but can drive pathology when dysregulated.
  • Inappropriate complement activation contributes to a wide range of diseases.
  • Approved complement inhibitory drugs offer targeted immunosuppression.

Conclusions:

  • The complement system has diverse functions beyond immunity, including tissue repair and cellular homeostasis.
  • Dysregulated complement activation is implicated in numerous inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
  • Complement biology remains a vital research area with significant therapeutic implications.