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Association Between Vitamin D Status and Nocturnal Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms: A Pooled Analysis
Zihan Ye1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8, Hongsong Chen1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8, Qiang Zhang1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8
1Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401122, China.
Context:
Cumulative evidence suggests an association between vitamin D and nocturnal lower urinary tract symptoms (nLUTS), but results remain inconclusive.
Objective:
To systematically assess the relationship between vitamin D status or intake and nLUTS via a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Data Sources:
The PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched through July 2025 without language restrictions. Case-control, cross-sectional, cohort, and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effects of vitamin D status or intake on nLUTS were included.
Data Extraction:
A total of 2725 articles were identified through the literature search, of which 17 met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review. These comprised 5 RCTs, 2 cohort studies, 4 cross-sectional studies, and 6 case-control studies.
Data Analysis:
Vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng mL-1) was associated with a 4.86-fold increase in the odds of nLUTS, and mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were 7.75 ng mL-1 lower in individuals with nLUTS than in control participants. Vitamin D supplementation correlated with an 86% relative risk reduction for nLUTS and a decrease of 0.23 nocturnal voids per night. Stronger associations were observed in pediatric populations and patients with nocturnal polyuria.
Conclusions:
Vitamin D deficiency is a significant risk factor for nLUTS; supplementation may offer therapeutic benefits. Assessing vitamin D status could guide nLUTS management.
Systematic Review Registration:
PROSPERO registration no. CRD420251004940.
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