Primary retroperitoneal masses: Uncommon presentations with literature review

Primary retroperitoneal masses are neoplasms that originate within the retroperitoneal space, independent of any retroperitoneal organs. Although rare, they present significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.

This study was performed in the Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine at AIIMS Raipur over a period of 2 years. It included both retrospective and prospective cases. Relevant clinical details and radiological investigations were reviewed. Histopathological findings and results from ancillary studies were analyzed and correlated with the clinical data.

The study reported 15 cases of primary retroperitoneal masses, with a higher occurrence in males. Most patients were in their 50s to 60s. Both benign and malignant neoplasms were observed. Three uncommon cases included one extra-skeletal osteosarcoma and two extra-skeletal Ewing sarcomas.

Retroperitoneal tumors present diagnostic challenges and therapeutic complexities due to their rarity, often late presentation, and anatomical location near vital structures in the retroperitoneal space. Accurate diagnosis is crucial for appropriate management and prognostication.