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Early Childhood Caries: A Family Centered Preventable Disease- Risk Determinants, Clinical Spectrum and Contemporary
M H Akhanda1, A Ahmed, S Islam
1Dr Manna Haque Akhanda, Assistant Professor & Head, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Sylhet Central Dental College, Sylhet, Bangladesh;
Mymensingh Medical Journal : MMJ
|December 31, 2025
Summary
Early childhood caries (ECC), a prevalent oral health issue affecting young children globally, is linked to socioeconomic status and family environment. This condition is preventable through addressing risk factors like poor feeding practices and lack of dental care access.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Dentistry
- Public Health
- Oral Microbiology
Background:
- Early childhood caries (ECC) is a significant global oral health problem, particularly affecting underprivileged populations.
- Characterized by decay in primary teeth of children up to 71 months, ECC often starts with enamel decalcification on maxillary incisors.
- Considered a family-centered disease due to its origins and management within the home environment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the primary risk factors contributing to the initiation and progression of ECC.
- To emphasize effective management and prevention strategies for this widespread childhood condition.
Main Methods:
- Literature review and appraisal of existing research on ECC.
- Analysis of etiological factors including microbial, dietary, and environmental influences.
- Examination of socioeconomic and parental factors associated with ECC prevalence.
Main Results:
- ECC affects a high percentage (up to 85%) of children from low socioeconomic backgrounds.
- Cariogenic microbes, fermentable carbohydrates, and environmental factors are key drivers of ECC.
- Inappropriate feeding practices, parental knowledge, and limited access to dental care significantly contribute to ECC.
Conclusions:
- ECC is a preventable childhood illness, despite its high prevalence.
- Addressing risk factors within the family and community is crucial for ECC prevention.
- Integrated management approaches focusing on education, improved feeding, and accessible dental care are essential.
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