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Age-related resting state EEG differences in learning and memory performance during a spatial learning task.

Conor Thornberry1, Robert Fox1, Adrianna Wozniak2

  • 1Department of Psychology, National College of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.

Brain and Cognition
|December 31, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Older adults show different brainwave patterns in resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) but these do not predict age-related declines in spatial learning or memory performance in a virtual water maze.

Keywords:
AgingEEGMemorySpatial learningVirtual navigation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Aging
  • Human Electrophysiology

Background:

  • Healthy aging is linked to decreased spatial cognition, impacting learning speed and accuracy.
  • Older adults exhibit slower and less precise spatial learning compared to younger adults.
  • Resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) offers potential biomarkers for cognitive function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if resting-state EEG measures can predict spatial learning and memory performance differences between younger and older adults.
  • To explore the relationship between EEG frequency bands and age-related spatial cognition decline.
  • To investigate age-specific patterns in resting-state brain activity.

Main Methods:

  • Eyes-open resting-state EEG was recorded from 22 older adults (60-76 years) and 31 younger adults (18-40 years).
  • Participants completed the NavWell virtual water maze task to assess spatial learning (path length, escape latency) and memory (goal quadrant search time).
  • Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to analyze five EEG frequency bands (delta, theta, alpha, beta, gamma) and their relationship with performance.

Main Results:

  • Age significantly predicted all spatial learning and memory outcomes.
  • Resting-state EEG measures did not significantly predict spatial learning or memory performance.
  • EEG component loadings differed between age groups, with older adults showing reduced delta and increased beta/gamma power.

Conclusions:

  • While resting-state EEG dynamics vary with age, they do not account for age-related spatial learning deficits.
  • Age remains a primary determinant of spatial cognition performance.
  • Further research is needed to identify EEG correlates of age-related cognitive changes.