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Universal complexing agent enabling advanced iron-cerium redox flow batteries.

Jiahui Yang1,2, Wei Wei3, Chengxi Zhou1

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|December 31, 2025
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This study presents a stable, affordable iron-cerium redox flow battery for renewable energy storage. The novel design utilizes diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid for enhanced performance and longevity.

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Intermittent renewable energy sources necessitate efficient and affordable energy storage solutions.
  • Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are promising for grid-scale energy storage.
  • Developing stable and cost-effective RFB chemistries is crucial for widespread adoption.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and evaluate a stable aqueous organic iron-cerium redox flow battery.
  • To investigate the role of diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) as a complexing agent for iron and cerium ions.
  • To assess the electrochemical performance, energy efficiency, and long-term stability of the developed RFB.

Main Methods:

  • Molecular dynamics simulations were used to screen carboxyl-containing ligands.
  • Experimental characterization verified the effectiveness of diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid.
  • Electrochemical testing was performed to determine energy efficiency and cycling stability.

Main Results:

  • Diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid effectively chelates iron and cerium ions, enhancing their redox properties.
  • The iron-cerium RFB achieved high energy efficiency (87.7% at 40 mA cm⁻²).
  • The battery demonstrated excellent long-term stability, retaining 95.3% capacity after 500 cycles and preserving capacity after 1779 cycles at high rates.

Conclusions:

  • Aqueous organic iron-cerium RFBs utilizing diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid offer a safe and affordable energy storage solution.
  • The complexing agent mitigates osmotic water migration, improving battery stability.
  • This technology shows significant potential for large-scale renewable energy storage applications.