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Updated: May 12, 2026

Microfluidic Fabrication of Polymeric and Biohybrid Fibers with Predesigned Size and Shape

Microfluidic Fabrication of Polymeric and Biohybrid Fibers with Predesigned Size and Shape

Published on: January 8, 2014

Structured liquid-based reconfigurable all-liquid optical fibers.

Sai Zhao^1,2, Yufeng Wang^3,4, Xinke Tang⁴

¹Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.

Nature Communications

|December 31, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed reconfigurable all-liquid optical fibers (RAOFs) offering a flexible, self-healing alternative to brittle quartz fibers. These liquid optical fibers enable rapid repair and dynamic signal manipulation for robust underwater communication.

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Design and Fabrication of an Optical Fiber Made of Water

Design and Fabrication of an Optical Fiber Made of Water

Published on: November 8, 2018

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Optoelectronics
Fluid Dynamics

Background:

Conventional quartz optical fibers are brittle and lack reconfigurability, hindering underwater communication.
Limitations include repair difficulties and inflexibility in dynamic environments.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a novel optical fiber solution overcoming the limitations of traditional quartz fibers.
To introduce reconfigurable all-liquid optical fibers (RAOFs) for enhanced adaptability in communication systems.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of RAOFs using structured liquids stabilized by nanoparticle surfactants at water-oil interfaces.
Tuning interfacial properties (tension <10 mN m⁻¹, refractive index contrast of 0.083) for structural stability and flexibility.
Integration and testing of RAOFs on an Ethernet platform for communication performance evaluation.

Main Results:

Demonstrated RAOFs combine liquid flexibility with interfacial assembly stability.
Achieved real-time communication up to 1 Gbps, proving practical viability.
Showcased rapid fiber repair via coalescence and on-demand reconfigurability for dynamic signal manipulation.

Conclusions:

RAOFs offer a versatile, self-healing, and resilient solution for optical communication.
The technology presents a practical alternative to conventional optical fibers, especially in dynamic underwater environments.
Liquid optical fibers pave the way for adaptable and robust optical interconnects.