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Two Components: Liquid–Liquid Systems01:27

Two Components: Liquid–Liquid Systems

A pressure-composition phase diagram explicitly describes the behavior of an ideal solution of two volatile liquids under varying pressures and compositions. A pressure-composition diagram has two main curves. The bubble point curve represents the plot of pressure versus liquid mole fraction. It indicates the pressure at which the first bubble of vapor forms from the liquid phase as the system pressure decreases.The dew point curve is the pressure versus vapor mole fraction. It indicates the...

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Microfluidic Fabrication of Polymeric and Biohybrid Fibers with Predesigned Size and Shape
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Structured liquid-based reconfigurable all-liquid optical fibers.

Sai Zhao1,2, Yufeng Wang3,4, Xinke Tang4

  • 1Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.

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|December 31, 2025
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Summary

Researchers developed reconfigurable all-liquid optical fibers (RAOFs) offering a flexible, self-healing alternative to brittle quartz fibers. These liquid optical fibers enable rapid repair and dynamic signal manipulation for robust underwater communication.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Optoelectronics
  • Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Conventional quartz optical fibers are brittle and lack reconfigurability, hindering underwater communication.
  • Limitations include repair difficulties and inflexibility in dynamic environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel optical fiber solution overcoming the limitations of traditional quartz fibers.
  • To introduce reconfigurable all-liquid optical fibers (RAOFs) for enhanced adaptability in communication systems.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of RAOFs using structured liquids stabilized by nanoparticle surfactants at water-oil interfaces.
  • Tuning interfacial properties (tension <10 mN m⁻¹, refractive index contrast of 0.083) for structural stability and flexibility.
  • Integration and testing of RAOFs on an Ethernet platform for communication performance evaluation.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated RAOFs combine liquid flexibility with interfacial assembly stability.
  • Achieved real-time communication up to 1 Gbps, proving practical viability.
  • Showcased rapid fiber repair via coalescence and on-demand reconfigurability for dynamic signal manipulation.

Conclusions:

  • RAOFs offer a versatile, self-healing, and resilient solution for optical communication.
  • The technology presents a practical alternative to conventional optical fibers, especially in dynamic underwater environments.
  • Liquid optical fibers pave the way for adaptable and robust optical interconnects.