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Fecal microbial and metabolic signatures in children with very early onset inflammatory bowel disease
Kine Eide Kvitne1, Simone Zuffa1,2, Vincent Charron-Lamoureux1,2
1Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Insights
Very early onset inflammatory bowel disease (VEO-IBD) in children shows distinct gut microbiome and metabolic changes. This study identifies specific bacterial and lipid alterations, offering insights for better VEO-IBD treatment strategies.
Area of Science:
- Gastroenterology
- Microbiology
- Metabolomics
Background:
- Very early onset inflammatory bowel disease (VEO-IBD) affects children under six with severe, treatment-resistant disease.
- Limited research exists on the fecal microbiome and metabolome in VEO-IBD compared to adult and pediatric IBD.
- Understanding VEO-IBD's unique characteristics is crucial for developing effective therapies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the fecal microbiome and metabolome in children with VEO-IBD.
- To compare these profiles with age- and sex-matched healthy controls.
- To integrate multi-omics data to understand disease mechanisms.
Main Methods:
- Multi-omics analysis including untargeted metabolomics and 16S rRNA sequencing.
- Comparison of fecal samples from VEO-IBD patients and healthy controls.
- Differential abundance analysis and multi-omics integration.
Main Results:
- Depletion of short-chain N-acyl lipids and enrichment of dipeptides, tripeptides, and oxo bile acids in VEO-IBD.
- Reduced abundance of Bifidobacterium and Blautia; increased abundance of Lachnospira, Veillonella, and Bacteroides in VEO-IBD.
- Significant associations found between gut microbiome alterations and N-acyl lipid dysregulation.
Conclusions:
- VEO-IBD exhibits unique fecal microbial and metabolic signatures.
- These findings provide novel insights into VEO-IBD pathogenesis.
- This research may lead to improved diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for VEO-IBD.
Abstract:
Very early onset inflammatory bowel disease (VEO-IBD) is a clinically distinct form of IBD manifesting in children before the age of six years. Disease in these children is especially severe and often refractory to treatment. While previous studies have investigated changes in the fecal microbiome and metabolome in adult and pediatric IBD, insights in VEO-IBD remain limited. This multi-omics analysis reveals changes in the fecal microbiome and metabolome in children diagnosed with VEO-IBD compared with age- and sexmatched healthy controls. Untargeted metabolomics analysis identified a depletion of short-chain N-acyl lipids and an enrichment of dipeptides, tripeptides, and oxo bile acids in children with VEO-IBD. Differential abundance analysis of 16S rRNA sequencing data showed lower abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium and Blautia, and higher abundance of Lachnospira, Veillonella, and Bacteroides in VEO-IBD. Multi-omics integration revealed associations between the altered gut microbiome composition and metabolic dysregulation, specifically for the N-acyl lipids. This study offers unique insight into fecal microbial and metabolic signatures in VEO-IBD, paving the way for a better understanding of disease patterns and thereby more effective treatment strategies.
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