Cell-free therapy using exosomes: Advancements in the field of dermatology and cosmetology

Exosomes are a category of extracellular vesicles with a 30-150 nm diameter that serve as carriers of distinct and functional biomolecules, such as lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins. They are released by almost all types of cells and mirror the characteristics of their originating cells, making them appealing for use in cell-free therapeutic applications. The skin is the largest organ of the body. It protects the entire body from the harsh environment, helps to maintain body temperature, supports life for all other body parts, plays a significant role in regulating the immune system, etc. Interventions in dermatology and cosmetology help to maintain good-looking and healthy skin. Exosomes have assumed a prominent position in cosmetics and dermatology by facilitating cellular regeneration. Recent studies have highlighted the efficacy of exosomes as effective antioxidants in therapy approaches such as hair regeneration, skin aging reversal, scar prevention, wound healing, dermatological diseases. This article explores the therapeutic applications and clinical interventions of exosomes in cosmetology and dermatology. It also discusses the challenges and prospects in the field. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Cell-free therapy using exosomes is an emerging area in disease management. Exosomes, nanosized extracellular vesicles, play a prominent role in various conditions such as hair growth and regeneration, reversal of aging, wound healing, and management of many skin-associated diseases, such as psoriasis, dermatitis, etc. This review describes the recent developments in the utilization of exosomes in dermatological and cosmetological treatment aspects, their regulatory issues, and current status of clinical trials.