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Related Concept Videos

Infection01:20

Infection

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When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
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Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
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Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment01:25

Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment

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Transmission-based precautions are for patients infected or suspected to be infected (or colonized) with organisms posing a significant risk to others. The transmission precautions include airborne and protective environment precautions.
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...
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Transmission-based Precautions I: Contact, Enteric, and Droplets01:17

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Transmission-based precautions are for patients known to be infected or suspected to be infected or colonized with organisms that pose a significant risk to others. Some transmission-based precautions include contact, enteric, and droplet.
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Investigation of Disease Outbreaks01:23

Investigation of Disease Outbreaks

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Multistate foodborne outbreaks pose significant public health risks and require meticulous investigation to identify sources and implement control measures. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) utilizes a dynamic seven-step process for these investigations, integrating data from laboratories, interviews, and environmental assessments to protect public health.Outbreak Detection: The detection of multistate outbreaks typically begins with PulseNet, the CDC's national laboratory...
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Cytomegalovirus Disease01:27

Cytomegalovirus Disease

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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection in K18 hACE2 Transgenic Mice Using Reporter-Expressing Recombinant SARS-CoV-2
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In Vivo Preclinical Platforms to Study Coronavirus Infection.

Larisse de Souza Barbosa Lacerda1, Rafaela das Dores Pereira2, Natália Nóbrega1

  • 1Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|January 1, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This chapter details animal models for studying Betacoronavirus infections, including mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) and SARS-CoV-2 in humanized mice and hamsters. These models are crucial for understanding viral pathogenesis and developing countermeasures.

Keywords:
Animal modelCOVID-19MHVSARS-CoV-2Viral infection

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Pathogenesis
  • Pre-clinical Models

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the need for better understanding viral diseases.
  • Animal models are essential for studying the molecular pathogenesis of viral infections like those caused by Betacoronaviruses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a detailed overview of animal models for Betacoronavirus infections.
  • To discuss the pathogenesis of Betacoronavirus diseases in rodents.
  • To compare different animal models used in coronavirus research.

Main Methods:

  • Description of various rodent models, including mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) models, K18-hACE2 humanized mouse models, and hamster models for SARS-CoV-2.
  • Detailed methods for virus manipulation and animal infection.
  • Techniques for assessing clinical outcomes and sample collection for further analysis.

Main Results:

  • Discussion of the differences between murine models for coronavirus studies.
  • Insights into the pathogenesis of Betacoronavirus infections in rodents.
  • Guidance on experimental procedures and data collection.

Conclusions:

  • Animal models are indispensable tools for dissecting the molecular mechanisms of viral pathogenesis.
  • The described models and methods facilitate research into Betacoronavirus diseases, including COVID-19.
  • Comprehensive examination protocols aid in understanding disease progression and outcomes.