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Evaluating AI in Social Programs: Reframing Complex Intervention as Socio-Technical Intervention.

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Artificial Intelligence (AI) in social services needs better frameworks. This paper proposes six dimensions to enhance intervention development and evaluation for ethical and effective AI integration.

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Area of Science:

  • Social Sciences
  • Computer Science
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Growing interest in Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications within social services.
  • Existing frameworks inadequately address the ethical and methodological challenges of AI.
  • Need for robust methods to evaluate AI effectiveness, ethicality, and risk mitigation in social services.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose enhancements to the UK's Medical Research Council/National Institute for Health and Care Research (MRC/NIHR) framework for developing and evaluating complex interventions.
  • To integrate socio-technical perspectives crucial for understanding AI systems.
  • To reframe AI in social services as a "Socio-Technical Intervention".

Main Methods:

  • Drawing on the Socio-Technical research paradigm.
  • Identifying six procedural dimensions to strengthen intervention frameworks: Anticipatory Design, Ethical Considerations, Continuous Impact Evaluation, Participatory Design, Socio-Material Contingencies of Automated Practice, and Re-configurations of Intervention Adherence.
  • Conceptual analysis and framework development.

Main Results:

  • Six procedural dimensions proposed to enhance AI intervention frameworks: Anticipatory Design, Ethical Considerations, Continuous Impact Evaluation, Participatory Design, Socio-Material Contingencies of Automated Practice, and Re-configurations of Intervention Adherence.
  • Advocacy for reframing AI in social services as "Socio-Technical Intervention" to account for human-AI system co-constitution.
  • Conceptual shift to inform AI intervention research and development in social services.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed socio-technical dimensions strengthen existing intervention frameworks for AI in social services.
  • Reframing AI as "Socio-Technical Intervention" promotes ethical, effective, and context-sensitive innovation.
  • Future research should operationalize these dimensions to build an evidence base for AI in social services.