Role of ncRNAs in Neurological Disorders and Cardiovascular Diseases

Area of Science:

• Genomics
• Molecular Biology
• Biochemistry

Background:

• Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) were once dismissed as genetic noise but are now recognized for their regulatory roles.
• Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial in gene expression, chromatin remodeling, and cellular communication.
• ncRNAs are increasingly linked to complex diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore the critical role of ncRNAs in regulating gene expression and biological processes.
• To investigate the association of lncRNAs and miRNAs with neurodegenerative disorders and CVDs.
• To discuss the potential of ncRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in precision medicine.

Main Methods:

• Review of current literature on ncRNA function and disease association.
• Analysis of specific lncRNAs (e.g., ANRIL, MEG3, MIAT, MALAT1, BACE1-AS, BC200) and their roles in vascular and neurological diseases.
• Exploration of ncRNA-mediated gene regulation, including the molecular sponge mechanism.

Main Results:

• ncRNAs, particularly lncRNAs and miRNAs, are integral to orchestrating molecular networks in diseases like Alzheimer's and CVDs.
• Specific ncRNAs are implicated in vascular integrity, cardiac fibrosis, heart failure, ischemic injury, and the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.
• ncRNAs function as molecular sponges, modulating gene expression and disease progression.

Conclusions:

• Advances in sequencing and computational biology position ncRNAs as promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
• Emerging RNA therapeutics and gene editing technologies offer potential interventions for ncRNA-related diseases.
• Overcoming challenges in stability, delivery, and side effects is crucial for clinical translation of ncRNA-based therapies.