MicroRNAs as Biomarkers for the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Different Diseases and Cancer

Small, endogenous noncoding RNAs known as miRNAs are widely distributed and use posttranscriptional control to suppress the expression of target genes. miRNAs have crucial roles in the development of disease and carcinogenesis, and new research suggests that miRNAs might be reliable diseases biomarkers. The identification of miRNAs in bodily fluids, in particular, has created a compelling possibility for the creation of noninvasive biomarkers for disease diagnosis, prognosis, and response prediction to treatment. Deregulation of the expression of microRNAs, which are essential for the regulation of several biological processes, has been connected to the emergence of metabolic, cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and cancerous disorders. An exhaustive, up-to-date, and comprehensive investigation of the role of miRNAs in disease is presented in this chapter. Its goal is to stimulate further study in this field since small miRNAs may be utilized for effective disease detection, prognosis, and therapy.