Leveraging Environmental Control for Regiodivergent Epoxide Ring-Openings

The environment of a reaction plays a pivotal role in dictating both the efficiency and selectivity. In this study, we explore how environmental parameters can be strategically manipulated to achieve divergent regioselective syntheses using epoxide aminolysis as a model system. This transformation enables the formation of β-amino alcohols, a highly versatile scaffold prevalent in pharmaceuticals, natural products, and advanced materials. Regioselective aminolysis of epoxides leads to C-N bond formation at distinct positions, generating constitutional isomers via S_N1- or S_N2-type pathways. The inherent regioselectivity is traditionally governed by the steric and electronic properties of the epoxide and nucleophile. However, we demonstrate that by precisely tuning environmental factors, including Lewis acid catalyst, solvent, temperature, and stoichiometry, we can override the intrinsic selectivity and dynamically control regioisomeric outcomes. Our findings highlight the power of reaction environment engineering in governing selectivity beyond substrate-imposed constraints, paving the way for new strategies in reaction optimization, predictive modeling, and machine-learning-driven model design for regioselective transformations.