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Eating duration and shift work are associated with diabetes: a cross-sectional study among US workers
Xuyuehe Ren1, Jian Li1,2,3, Adrian Loerbroks4
1Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, https://ror.org/046rm7j60University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
The British Journal of Nutrition
|January 2, 2026
Summary
Longer eating duration and shift work are independently linked to increased diabetes risk, particularly in younger workers. Their combined effect suggests a higher risk, varying by age group.
Area of Science:
- Metabolic Regulation and Diabetes Epidemiology
- Occupational Health and Chronobiology
Background:
- Eating duration and shift work are known to influence metabolic health.
- The combined impact of eating duration and shift work on diabetes risk remains understudied.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the independent and joint associations of eating duration and shift work with diabetes in a US working population.
- To explore how age modifies these associations.
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional study utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005-2010, 2017-2020).
- Included 14,852 US workers; eating duration derived from 24-h dietary recalls.
- Shift work status determined by self-report; logistic regression analyzed associations stratified by age.
Main Results:
- Long eating duration (≥13h) was associated with higher diabetes odds in workers <45 years (OR 1.51) but not in older workers.
- Shift work was associated with increased diabetes odds in both younger (OR 1.28) and older workers (OR 1.28).
- Combined long eating duration and shift work showed suggestive increased diabetes odds, stronger in younger workers.
Conclusions:
- Both long eating duration and shift work are independently associated with increased odds of diabetes.
- Associations vary by age, with younger workers showing stronger links, especially for long eating duration.
- Further research is warranted to confirm joint associations and underlying mechanisms.
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