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Isolation of Mouse Interstitial Valve Cells to Study the Calcification of the Aortic Valve In Vitro
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Influence of Coronary Flow and Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Velocity on LDL Accumulation and Calcification in

Mishal Raza-Taimuri1, Ian Y Chen2, Hamid Sadat1

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76207, USA.

Biomechanics (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 2, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) progression is linked to hemodynamics and lipid buildup. Computational models show the non-coronary cusp is most prone to calcification, unlike the right coronary cusp.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Research
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Computational Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) involves valve thickening and calcification, impairing heart function and increasing cardiovascular risk.
  • Hemodynamics and lipid accumulation significantly influence CAVD progression.
  • Computational modeling offers a powerful approach to investigate the biomechanical factors driving calcification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of coronary artery flow and left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) velocity profiles on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) accumulation.
  • To analyze the resulting aortic valve calcification across the three distinct valve leaflets (NCC, RCC, LCC).
  • To understand the biomechanical drivers of differential calcification susceptibility among valve leaflets.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a partitioned fluid-structure interaction framework coupled with scalar transport modeling.
  • Simulated four distinct LVOT flow velocity profiles (anterior, lateral, posterior, medial) and coronary flow.
  • Focused on analyzing LDL accumulation and calcification distribution across the non-coronary cusp (NCC), right coronary cusp (RCC), and left coronary cusp (LCC).

Main Results:

  • The right coronary cusp (RCC) exhibited the greatest excursion and lowest calcification.
  • The left coronary cusp (LCC) demonstrated the lowest excursion and slightly higher calcification susceptibility.
  • The non-coronary cusp (NCC) showed intermediate excursion but was the most susceptible to calcification.

Conclusions:

  • LVOT velocity profiles and coronary flow significantly influence regional LDL accumulation and calcification patterns in the aortic valve.
  • The non-coronary cusp (NCC) is identified as the most vulnerable to calcification, while the right coronary cusp (RCC) is the least vulnerable.
  • Understanding these biomechanical differences is crucial for developing targeted therapies for calcific aortic valve disease.
Abstract

Keywords:
CFDaortic valve calcificationfluid–structure interactionhemodynamics

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