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Related Concept Videos

Brain Imaging01:14

Brain Imaging

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Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans),  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic...
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Longitudinal Research02:20

Longitudinal Research

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Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Creating Dynamic Images of Short-lived Dopamine Fluctuations with lp-ntPET: Dopamine Movies of Cigarette Smoking
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Longitudinal brain connectivity changes associated with successful smoking cessation.

Jooyeon Jamie Im1, Hyeonjin Kim1, Jeung-Hyun Lee1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Frontiers in Psychology
|January 2, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Successful smoking cessation involves adaptive changes in brain networks, specifically the salience network (SN) and executive control network (ECN). Greater baseline connectivity in these networks among successful quitters may support withdrawal management and attention during cessation.

Keywords:
default mode networkexecutive networkresting-state functional magnetic resonance imagingsalience networksmoking cessation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Addiction Research
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Tobacco smoking is a leading cause of preventable death globally.
  • Low success rates for unaided smoking cessation highlight the need for improved strategies.
  • Understanding the neurobiology of cessation is critical for enhancing quit rates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate longitudinal changes in functional connectivity (FC) of large-scale brain networks during smoking cessation.
  • To examine how brain network alterations correlate with cessation outcomes.
  • To identify neurobiological mechanisms underlying successful smoking cessation.

Main Methods:

  • Resting-state fMRI scans were conducted on 98 smokers before and after a 5-week cessation program.
  • Independent component analysis identified the salience network (SN), executive control network (ECN), and default mode network (DMN).
  • Region of interest (ROI)-to-ROI FC was analyzed using mixed-effects models, comparing successful and unsuccessful quitters.

Main Results:

  • Significant group-by-time interactions were observed in FC between the SN and ECN, and SN and DMN.
  • Successful quitters showed higher baseline FC in SN-ECN and SN-DMN circuits, which decreased during cessation.
  • Stronger pre-quit SN-ECN connectivity correlated with higher withdrawal severity and longer smoking history in successful quitters.

Conclusions:

  • Reduced pre-quit FC in SN-ECN and SN-DMN circuits may represent adaptive neural processes for withdrawal management and attention.
  • These findings enhance mechanistic understanding of brain network changes during smoking cessation.
  • Targeting these neural circuits could lead to more effective smoking cessation interventions.